R-410A is ASHRAE safety group A1: lower toxicity and no flame propagation. R-32 alone is lower flammability (A2L); the R-125 makes the 50/50 blend non-flammable (A1). R-32 and R-454B are A2L (lower flammability). Under SNAP Rule 23, EPA lists them for residential and light-commercial AC and heat pumps in new equipment only (not as a retrofit), built to UL 60335-2-40.

RefrigerantASHRAE R-410A

R410A PT Chart

Q: What lubricant does R-410A use?

Polyolester (POE) oil. Use the oil the equipment maker specifies. POE absorbs water; minimize its contact with air and keep it in a sealed metal container.

Updated October 19, 2026

R-410A

A1 Lower toxicity, no flame propagationHFC blend AIM Act HFC

since 2020

Before 2020, AHRI Guideline N assigned R-410A containers the color rose (PMS 507)^{[15], Table 1}. Illustration of a refrigerant cylinder painted light green gray (RAL 7044), the color AHRI Guideline N-2017 calls for on all new refrigerant containers from 2020^{[15], section 4.8}. Label: R-410A, safety class A1, GWP 2,088. No red band: AHRI Guideline N-2017 reserves it for flammable refrigerants^{[15], section 4.7}.

R-32/R-125 (50/50)

A 50/50 blend (by mass) of R-32 and R-125^[4]. Since January 1, 2025, 40 CFR 84.54 restricts it in new residential and light-commercial AC and heat pumps; existing systems can still be serviced^[5].

R-410A saturation pressure is 118.8 PSIG at 40°F, 201.8 PSIG at 70°F, and 318.5 PSIG at 100°F. These are static saturation pressures. The full table below runs from −40°F to 150°F in 1°F steps. For running pressures by outdoor temperature, see R-410A operating pressures.

Checked against the Arkema Forane® 410A pressure-temperature chart^[16] at 64 points from −40°F to 150°F: largest difference 0.06 psi. The chart states it was generated with NIST REFPROP 9.0.

Saturation @ 70°F

201.8 PSIG

GWP (100-yr)

2,088 US EPA value, 40 CFR 84.64(b)

Temperature glide

0.2°F

Boiling point

−60.6°F

Sourced facts

ASHRAE safety class: A1^[1]
Composition (mass): 50% R-32 / 50% R-125^[4]
GWP (100-yr): 2,088^[6]
ODP: 0^[18]
Normal boiling point: bubble −60.6°F (−51.4°C), dew −60.5°F (−51.4°C)^[3]
Lubricant: POE^[8]
New-equipment status (US): Restricted^[5]
Servicing existing systems: Allowed^[5]
Temperature glide: 0.2°F at a 40°F dew point^[3]

R-410A PT calculator Operating pressures Superheat

R-410A PT chart — printable saturation table

Looking for the R-410A PT chart PDF for shop reference? The complete pressure-temperature saturation table is below: every 1° increment from −40°F to 150°F (or to the refrigerant's critical temperature). Use the Print / Save as PDF button in the table header to download a clean, table-only PDF (the rest of the page is hidden from the print output).

R-410A PT Chart — Pressure-Temperature Saturation Table

Computed with CoolProp 7.2.0 in 1°F steps · hvacptcharts.com

R-410A · 1° increments · °F / PSIG

Tinted rows: 32°F H₂O freeze

R-410A pressure-temperature saturation table in Fahrenheit and PSIG
Temp (°F)	Pressure (PSIG)
−40°F	10.8
−39°F	11.4
−38°F	12.1
−37°F	12.7
−36°F	13.4
−35°F	14.1
−34°F	14.8
−33°F	15.6
−32°F	16.3
−31°F	17.1
−30°F	17.8
−29°F	18.6
−28°F	19.4
−27°F	20.2
−26°F	21.0
−25°F	21.9
−24°F	22.7
−23°F	23.6
−22°F	24.5
−21°F	25.4
−20°F	26.3
−19°F	27.3
−18°F	28.2
−17°F	29.2
−16°F	30.2
−15°F	31.2
−14°F	32.2
−13°F	33.2
−12°F	34.3
−11°F	35.4
−10°F	36.5
−9°F	37.6
−8°F	38.7
−7°F	39.9
−6°F	41.0
−5°F	42.2
−4°F	43.4
−3°F	44.6
−2°F	45.9
−1°F	47.1
0°F	48.4
1°F	49.7
2°F	51.1
3°F	52.4
4°F	53.8
5°F	55.2
6°F	56.6
7°F	58.0
8°F	59.5
9°F	60.9
10°F	62.4
11°F	63.9
12°F	65.5
13°F	67.1
14°F	68.6
15°F	70.3
16°F	71.9
17°F	73.5
18°F	75.2
19°F	76.9
20°F	78.7
21°F	80.4
22°F	82.2
23°F	84.0
24°F	85.8
25°F	87.7
26°F	89.6
27°F	91.5
28°F	93.4
29°F	95.4
30°F	97.4
31°F	99.4
32°F H₂O freeze	101.4
33°F	103.5
34°F	105.6
35°F	107.7
36°F	109.9
37°F	112.1
38°F	114.3
39°F	116.5
40°F	118.8
41°F	121.1
42°F	123.4
43°F	125.8
44°F	128.2
45°F	130.6
46°F	133.0
47°F	135.5
48°F	138.0
49°F	140.6
50°F	143.2
51°F	145.8
52°F	148.4
53°F	151.1
54°F	153.8
55°F	156.5
56°F	159.3
57°F	162.1
58°F	164.9
59°F	167.8
60°F	170.7
61°F	173.7
62°F	176.6
63°F	179.7
64°F	182.7
65°F	185.8
66°F	188.9
67°F	192.1
68°F	195.3
69°F	198.5
70°F	201.8
71°F	205.1
72°F	208.4
73°F	211.8
74°F	215.2
75°F	218.7
76°F	222.2
77°F	225.7
78°F	229.3
79°F	232.9
80°F	236.5
81°F	240.2
82°F	244.0
83°F	247.7
84°F	251.6
85°F	255.4
86°F	259.3
87°F	263.3
88°F	267.3
89°F	271.3
90°F	275.4
91°F	279.5
92°F	283.6
93°F	287.8
94°F	292.1
95°F	296.4
96°F	300.7
97°F	305.1
98°F	309.5
99°F	314.0
100°F	318.5
101°F	323.1
102°F	327.7
103°F	332.4
104°F	337.1
105°F	341.9
106°F	346.7
107°F	351.5
108°F	356.5
109°F	361.4
110°F	366.4
111°F	371.5
112°F	376.6
113°F	381.8
114°F	387.0
115°F	392.3
116°F	397.6
117°F	403.0
118°F	408.4
119°F	413.9
120°F	419.4
121°F	425.0
122°F	430.7
123°F	436.4
124°F	442.1
125°F	447.9
126°F	453.8
127°F	459.8
128°F	465.8
129°F	471.8
130°F	477.9
131°F	484.1
132°F	490.3
133°F	496.6
134°F	503.0
135°F	509.4
136°F	515.9
137°F	522.5
138°F	529.1
139°F	535.8
140°F	542.5
141°F	549.3
142°F	556.2
143°F	563.2
144°F	570.2
145°F	577.3
146°F	584.5
147°F	591.7
148°F	599.0
149°F	606.4
150°F	613.9

R-410A pressure-temperature saturation table in Celsius and kPa
Temp (°C)	Pressure (kPa)
−40°C	74
−39°C	82
−38°C	91
−37°C	99
−36°C	108
−35°C	118
−34°C	127
−33°C	137
−32°C	147
−31°C	158
−30°C	169
−29°C	180
−28°C	192
−27°C	204
−26°C	216
−25°C	229
−24°C	242
−23°C	256
−22°C	270
−21°C	284
−20°C	299
−19°C	315
−18°C	330
−17°C	347
−16°C	363
−15°C	380
−14°C	398
−13°C	416
−12°C	435
−11°C	454
−10°C	473
−9°C	493
−8°C	514
−7°C	535
−6°C	557
−5°C	579
−4°C	602
−3°C	626
−2°C	650
−1°C	674
0°C H₂O freeze	699
1°C	725
2°C	752
3°C	779
4°C	807
5°C	835
6°C	864
7°C	894
8°C	924
9°C	955
10°C	987
11°C	1,020
12°C	1,053
13°C	1,087
14°C	1,122
15°C	1,157
16°C	1,193
17°C	1,230
18°C	1,268
19°C	1,307
20°C	1,346
21°C	1,387
22°C	1,428
23°C	1,470
24°C	1,512
25°C	1,556
26°C	1,601
27°C	1,646
28°C	1,693
29°C	1,740
30°C	1,788
31°C	1,837
32°C	1,887
33°C	1,938
34°C	1,990
35°C	2,044
36°C	2,098
37°C	2,153
38°C	2,209
39°C	2,266
40°C	2,324
41°C	2,384
42°C	2,444
43°C	2,506
44°C	2,568
45°C	2,632
46°C	2,697
47°C	2,763
48°C	2,831
49°C	2,899
50°C	2,969
51°C	3,040
52°C	3,113
53°C	3,186
54°C	3,261
55°C	3,338
56°C	3,415
57°C	3,495
58°C	3,575
59°C	3,657
60°C	3,741
61°C	3,825
62°C	3,912
63°C	4,000
64°C	4,090
65°C	4,181
66°C	4,274

CoolProp 7.2.0 · PSIG/kPa = gauge · PSIA = PSIG + 14.6959 · kPa(abs) = kPa(gauge) + 101.325

Full saturation values at 1° increments. Toggle between °F / PSIG and °C / kPa. Use Print / Save as PDF for laminated shop reference, or download the CSV / JSON below for use in other tools. R-410A PT chart data: CoolProp 7.2.0 (published Helmholtz equations of state / mixture models — see the source citations above).

Lower toxicity, no flame propagation

Lower toxicity (Occupational Exposure Limit ≥ 400 ppm). No flame propagation in air at standard atmospheric pressure and 60°C. R-134a, R-22, R-410A, R-404A, R-744 (CO2) are A1.

Flammability: None (no flame propagation)
Toxicity: Lower (OEL ≥ 400 ppm)

Classification per ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022^{[1], safety group definitions and refrigerant safety classifications}. See full reference.

Saturation pressure-temperature curve

Pressure

Temperature

Highlight at°F

Quick lookup — R-410A

Temp:°F

201.8PSIG(1,391 kPa)

Range: −40 to 150°F Open full PT calculator →

Common service temperatures

32°F

101PSIG

Freezing

45°F

131PSIG

Heat-pump heat

70°F

202PSIG

Standard

75°F

219PSIG

Test ref

80°F

237PSIG

Warm

95°F

296PSIG

Summer peak

Saturation values from CoolProp 7.2.0 mixture model: R-32/R-125, 50/50% by mass^[3]. Operating pressure on a running system differs — see what R-410A operating pressures should be.

At a glance

Chemistry

R-32/R-125 (50/50)

Binary HFC blend

Lubricant compatibility

POEMOAB

POE required. Chemours puts R-410A's discharge pressure 50–70% above R-22's^[8].

Blend composition

R-32 50.0%
R-125 50.0%

Trade names

Puron® — Carrier^[13]
Genetron® AZ-20 — Solstice Advanced Materials (formerly Honeywell)^[14]
Freon™ 410A — Chemours^[8]
Forane® 410A — Arkema^[16]

Common applications

Residential and commercial air conditioning
Heat pumps

Properties

Boiling point (1 atm)
bubble −60.6°F (−51.4°C), dew −60.5°F (−51.4°C)
Critical point
No single point — blend critical locus
Molar mass
72.58 g/mol
Temperature glide
0.2°F
ODP
0
GWP (100-yr)
2,088 US EPA value, 40 CFR 84.64(b) IPCC: AR4 2,088 · AR5 1,924 · AR6 2,256
New-equipment status (US)
Restricted in 45 new-equipment categories — US new-equipment rules (40 CFR 84.54).

What is R-410A?

R-410A is a zeotropic blend (ASHRAE 400 series) of difluoromethane (R-32) and pentafluoroethane (R-125) in equal mass proportions^[4].

Regulatory & phase-down status

R-32 (GWP 675) and R-454B (GWP 465) are both under that 700 limit^[6]. See the US new-equipment rules (40 CFR 84.54) section on this page for the full mapped table.

Service notes

R-410A uses POE oil^[8]^[9]; Copeland also approves PVE-68 for certain variable-speed compressors^[9]. Use the oil the equipment maker specifies.

Use manifold gauges, recovery machines and recovery tanks designed for R-410A's higher pressures^[8].

Operating cycle

Phase-down timeline

R-410A contains HFC-32 and HFC-125, regulated substances under the AIM Act^{[2], 42 U.S.C. 7675(c)(1)}. Its GWP under 40 CFR 84.64 is 2,088, at or above the limit in 45 of the categories 40 CFR 84.54 restricts (listed under “All 84.54 categories restricting R-410A”).

From January 1, 2025 — new self-contained residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump products: manufacture / import restricted (GWP ≥ 700)^{[5], §84.54(a)(1)}.
From January 1, 2025 — new residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump systems (except VRF): installation restricted (GWP ≥ 700), unless every specified component was manufactured or imported before January 1, 2025^{[5], §84.54(c)(1)}.
From January 1, 2026 — new variable refrigerant flow (VRF) residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump systems: installation restricted (GWP ≥ 700); systems whose specified components were all manufactured or imported before January 1, 2026 may be installed until January 1, 2027, or until January 1, 2028 when a building permit issued before October 5, 2023 specifies the refrigerant^{[5], §84.54(c)(2)}.
From January 1, 2028 — new self-contained residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump products: sale and distribution restricted (GWP ≥ 700)^{[5], §84.54(b)}.

HFC production & consumption allowances step down to 30% of baseline in 2029–2033, 20% of baseline in 2034–2035, and 15% of baseline in 2036 and later (42 U.S.C. 7675(e)(2)(C))^[2].

Full 40 CFR 84.54 new-equipment rules for R-410A →

US new-equipment rules (40 CFR 84.54)

R-410A contains HFC-32 and HFC-125, regulated substances under the AIM Act^{[2], 42 U.S.C. 7675(c)(1)}. Under 40 CFR 84.64(b) its GWP is 2,088: each component's GWP times its mass fraction; components without a GWP under 84.64 are left out (84.64(c)). That value is compared against each 40 CFR 84.54 subsector limit below.

Effective	Equipment subsector	Limit	Restriction	¶
January 1, 2025	Self-contained residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump products	GWP ≥ 700	Manufacture / import	(a)(1)
January 1, 2025	Residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump systems (except VRF)	GWP ≥ 700	Installation	(c)(1)
January 1, 2026	Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump systems	GWP ≥ 700	Installation	(c)(2)
January 1, 2028	Self-contained residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump products	GWP ≥ 700	Sale / distribution	(b)

All 84.54 categories restricting R-410A (45)^[5]

Refrigeration, air conditioning & heat pumps (38)
January 1, 2025	Self-contained residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump products	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(1)
January 1, 2025	Chillers for comfort cooling	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(10)(i)
January 1, 2025	Chillers for ice rinks	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(10)(ii)
January 1, 2025	Residential dehumidifiers	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(2)
January 1, 2025	Household refrigerators and freezers	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(3)
January 1, 2025	Retail food refrigeration — stand-alone units	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(4)
January 1, 2025	Vending machines	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(5)
January 1, 2025	Residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump systems (except VRF)	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(1)
January 1, 2025	Chillers for comfort cooling	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(3)
January 1, 2025	Ice rinks	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(4)
January 1, 2026	Chillers for industrial process refrigeration, fluid exiting the chiller warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(10)(iii)
January 1, 2026	Industrial process refrigeration products (non-chiller), charge 200 lb or greater, refrigerant entering the evaporator warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(12)(i)
January 1, 2026	Industrial process refrigeration products (non-chiller), charge less than 200 lb, refrigerant entering the evaporator warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 300	(a)(12)(ii)
January 1, 2026	Ice makers — batch type up to 1,000 lb of ice per 24 h and continuous type up to 1,200 lb per 24 h	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(8)(i)
January 1, 2026	Industrial process refrigeration systems (non-chiller), charge 200 lb or greater, evaporator inlet warmer than −22°F (−30°C), not the high-temperature side of a cascade	GWP ≥ 150	(c)(10)(i)
January 1, 2026	Industrial process refrigeration systems (non-chiller), charge less than 200 lb, evaporator inlet warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 300	(c)(10)(ii)
January 1, 2026	Industrial process refrigeration — high-temperature side of cascade systems, evaporator inlet warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 300	(c)(10)(iii)
January 1, 2026	Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump systems	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(2)
January 1, 2026	Chillers for industrial process refrigeration, fluid exiting the chiller warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(5)(i)
July 27, 2026	Refrigerated transport — intermodal containers with a box temperature of −31°F (−35°C) or higher	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(6)
July 27, 2026	Retail food refrigeration — remote condensing units	GWP ≥ 1,400	(c)(11)(i)
July 27, 2026	Refrigerated transport — intermodal containers with a box temperature of −31°F (−35°C) or higher	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(7)
July 27, 2026	Cold storage warehouse systems	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(9)(i)
January 1, 2027	Self-contained products in data center, information technology equipment facility, and computer room cooling	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(11)
January 1, 2027	Ice makers — batch type above 1,000 lb of ice per 24 h and continuous type above 1,200 lb per 24 h	listed refrigerant	(a)(8)(ii)
January 1, 2027	Refrigerated food processing and dispensing products outside the scope of UL 621, charge 500 g or less	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(9)(i)
January 1, 2027	Refrigerated food processing and dispensing products outside the scope of UL 621, charge greater than 500 g	listed refrigerant	(a)(9)(ii)
January 1, 2027	Supermarket systems	GWP ≥ 1,400	(c)(12)(i)
January 1, 2027	Data center, information technology equipment facility, and computer room cooling systems	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(13)
January 1, 2027	Refrigerated food processing and dispensing equipment with a remote condenser	listed refrigerant	(c)(15)
January 1, 2028	Chillers for industrial process refrigeration, fluid exiting the chiller from −58°F to −22°F (−50°C to −30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(10)(iv)
January 1, 2028	Industrial process refrigeration products (non-chiller), refrigerant entering the evaporator from −58°F to −22°F (−50°C to −30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(12)(iii)
January 1, 2028	Refrigerated food processing and dispensing products within the scope of UL 621 (ice cream makers)	listed refrigerant	(a)(9)(iii)
January 1, 2028	Industrial process refrigeration systems (non-chiller), evaporator inlet from −58°F to −22°F (−50°C to −30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(10)(iv)
January 1, 2028	Chillers for industrial process refrigeration, fluid exiting the chiller from −58°F to −22°F (−50°C to −30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(6)(i)
January 1, 2032	Retail food refrigeration — remote condensing units	GWP ≥ 150 (200 lb or greater, not the cascade high side); GWP ≥ 300 (less than 200 lb); GWP ≥ 300 (cascade high side)	(c)(11)(ii)
January 1, 2032	Supermarket systems	GWP ≥ 150 (200 lb or greater, not the cascade high side); GWP ≥ 300 (less than 200 lb); GWP ≥ 300 (cascade high side)	(c)(12)(ii)
January 1, 2032	Cold storage warehouse systems	GWP ≥ 150 (200 lb or greater, not the cascade high side); GWP ≥ 300 (less than 200 lb); GWP ≥ 300 (cascade high side)	(c)(9)(ii)
Motor vehicle air conditioning (3)
October 24, 2024	Motor vehicle air-conditioning in Model Year 2025 and later light-duty passenger cars and trucks (gross vehicle weight rating under 8,500 lb)	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(13)(i)
Model Year 2028	Motor vehicle air-conditioning in medium-duty passenger vehicles, heavy-duty pickup trucks and complete heavy-duty vans whose air-conditioning will not be modified by upfitters	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(13)(ii)
January 1, 2028	Motor vehicle air-conditioning in certain nonroad vehicles (agricultural tractors over 40 horsepower; self-propelled agricultural machinery; compact equipment; construction, forestry and mining equipment; and commercial utility vehicles)	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(13)(iii)
Foam blowing agents (2)
January 1, 2025	Foam products: rigid polyurethane appliance foam, commercial refrigeration foam, laminated boardstock, marine flotation foam, sandwich panels, slabstock; flexible polyurethane; integral skin polyurethane; polystyrene (extruded boardstock, billet, extruded sheet); phenolic insulation board and bunstock; polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock; polyolefin; rigid polyurethane spray foam	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(14)
January 1, 2026	Foam products in the (a)(14) formulations for use in space and military applications	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(15)
Aerosol propellants / solvents (2)
January 1, 2025	Aerosol products	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(16)(i)
January 1, 2028	Aerosol products (all, except defense sprays as defined in 84.3)	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(16)(ii)

Servicing. 40 CFR 84.54 restricts new manufacture/import, later sale/distribution, and installation. "Installation" is defined in 84.54(e); repairing or servicing existing R-410A equipment is not an installation unless it meets 84.54(e), so existing systems can keep being serviced. From January 1, 2029, servicing or repairing R-410A equipment in supermarket systems, refrigerated transport or automatic commercial ice makers must be done with reclaimed refrigerant^[17].

Source: 40 CFR 84.54, current through 91 FR 31329 (May 26, 2026). Installation defined at 40 CFR 84.54(e).

Global warming potential, in context

Residential air conditioning

Retrofit and replacement paths

R-410A replaces

R-22 A1 · GWP 1,810

Replacements for R-410A

Reading the pressure-temperature chart

The PT chart above plots saturation pressure on the vertical axis against temperature on the horizontal axis. The curve is the liquid–vapor boundary. Above it (higher pressure than saturation at that temperature) the refrigerant is subcooled liquid; below it, superheated vapor; on the curve, liquid and vapor coexist.

For service work, the chart answers two questions in either direction. Read across from a measured temperature to find the saturation pressure that should appear at that point in the cycle. Read up from a measured manifold pressure to find the saturation temperature, then compare to the actual line temperature to compute superheat (suction side) or subcooling (liquid side).

Near-azeotropic means service simplification

Bubble and dew temperatures stay within 0.2°F of each other across the table.

R-410A vs R-22, R-32, R-454B, R-452B: saturation pressure

Saturation pressure (PSIG, gauge) for R-410A vs R-22, R-32, R-454B, R-452B — zeotropic blends shown as dew / bubble. Each column shows the percent difference from R-410A. Source: CoolProp 7.2.0 dataset.
Temp	R-410A	R-22	R-32	R-454B	R-452B
0°F	48.4	24.0(−50%)	49.3(+2%)	42.7 / 45.3(−7%)	43.5 / 45.8(−5%)
40°F	118.8	68.6(−42%)	121.0(+2%)	107.0 / 112.0(−6%)	108.8 / 113.2(−5%)
70°F	201.8	121.4(−40%)	205.8(+2%)	183.1 / 190.5(−6%)	185.9 / 192.5(−5%)
100°F	318.5	195.9(−38%)	325.7(+2%)	290.9 / 300.8(−6%)	295.1 / 303.9(−5%)

Frequently asked

›What is the normal operating pressure of R-410A?

Operating pressure depends on evaporator load and ambient; for suction and discharge by outdoor temperature, see What pressure should R-410A be?. The saturation pressures are in the PT table and the comparison table on this page.

›What does R-410A's GWP of 2,088 mean in practical terms?

GWP compares how much energy 1 ton of a gas absorbs over a given period (usually 100 years) with 1 ton of CO₂, which has a GWP of 1 by definition^[7]. On the US EPA basis R-410A's GWP is 2,088, so releasing 1 kg absorbs about 2,088 times as much energy over 100 years as releasing 1 kg of CO₂^[6]^[7]. That is above the 700 limit for new residential and light-commercial AC and heat pumps in 40 CFR 84.54; see the US new-equipment rules section^[5].

›Can I retrofit an R-22 system to R-410A?

No. Chemours says R-410A cannot be used for retrofit: it runs at higher pressures than R-22 and is meant for new equipment designed for it^[8].

To keep an existing R-22 system, use a blend sold for R-22 retrofits instead: for example R-407C, which needs a change to POE oil, or R-438A (Freon™ MO99), which Chemours lists as compatible with mineral oil, alkylbenzene and POE^[10]^[11].

›Is R-410A flammable?

R-410A is ASHRAE safety group A1: lower toxicity and no flame propagation^[1]^[8]. R-32 alone is lower flammability (A2L); the R-125 makes the 50/50 blend non-flammable (A1)^[1]. R-32 and R-454B are A2L (lower flammability)^[1]. Under SNAP Rule 23, EPA lists them for residential and light-commercial AC and heat pumps in new equipment only (not as a retrofit), built to UL 60335-2-40^[12].

›When will R-410A be phased out completely?

See the US new-equipment rules (40 CFR 84.54) section on this page for R-410A's new-equipment status by subsector. 40 CFR 84.54 limits new equipment but does not restrict servicing existing systems^[5]. New residential and light-commercial AC and heat pump systems (other than VRF) can still be installed with R-410A if every specified component was manufactured or imported before January 1, 2025^{[5], §84.54(c)(1)}, and self-contained R-410A products made before that date can be sold until January 1, 2028^{[5], §84.54(b)}. Separately, the AIM Act steps US HFC production and consumption allowances down to 15% of baseline from 2036^[2].

›What lubricant does R-410A use?

Polyolester (POE) oil^[9]. Use the oil the equipment maker specifies.

POE absorbs water; minimize its contact with air and keep it in a sealed metal container^[11].

›What's the difference between R-410A and R-32?

R-32 is one of the two components of the R-410A blend (the other is R-125, also at 50% mass)^[4]. On its own, R-32 has a GWP of 675 versus 2,088 for R-410A^[6], and it is A2L (lower flammability) where R-410A is A1^[1].

EPA lists R-32 for new equipment only, built to UL 60335-2-40 and marked with warning labels and red markings^[12].

›Why is R-410A also called Puron, AZ-20 or Freon™ 410A?

They are trade names for the same refrigerant: Carrier calls R-410A Puron®^[13], Solstice Advanced Materials (the 2025 spin-off of Honeywell's materials business) sells it as Genetron® AZ-20^[14], and Chemours sells it as Freon™ 410A^[8].

Download this dataset

Full PT chart for R-410A · CC BY 4.0 · attribute the source

CSV JSON

Sources & citations

[1]
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants (free read-only version). ASHRAE. 2022. https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/standards-and-guidelines/read-only-versions-of-ashrae-standards (accessed October 2, 2026)
[2]
42 U.S.C. 7675 — American Innovation and Manufacturing Act. US Code (via Cornell LII). current. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/7675 (accessed October 2, 2026)
[3]
CoolProp 7.2.0. CoolProp (I. H. Bell, J. Wronski, S. Quoilin, V. Lemort). https://coolprop.org/ (accessed October 2, 2026). Bell, I. H.; Wronski, J.; Quoilin, S.; Lemort, V. Pure and Pseudo-pure Fluid Thermophysical Property Evaluation and the Open-Source Thermophysical Property Library CoolProp. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53, 2498–2508 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie4033999
[4]
ASHRAE Refrigerant Designations. ASHRAE. web page, updated May 25, 2021. https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/standards-and-guidelines/ashrae-refrigerant-designations (accessed October 2, 2026)
[5]
40 CFR 84.54 — Restrictions on the use of hydrofluorocarbons. eCFR (Office of the Federal Register). up to date as of 9/29/2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-84/subpart-B/section-84.54 (accessed October 2, 2026)
[6]
Technology Transitions GWP Reference Table. US EPA. updated April 2, 2026. https://www.epa.gov/hfcs/technology-transitions-gwp-reference-table (accessed October 2, 2026)
[7]
Understanding Global Warming Potentials. US EPA. last updated December 29, 2025. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/understanding-global-warming-potentials (accessed October 2, 2026)
[8]
Freon™ 410A Refrigerant (R-410A) Product Information. Chemours. C-10906 (10/16). https://www.freon.com/en/-/media/files/freon/freon-410a-product-information.pdf (accessed October 2, 2026)
[9]
Refrigerants and lubricants approved for use in Copeland compressors. Copeland. Form 93-11 R41 (5/24). https://webapps.copeland.com/online-product-information/Publication/LaunchPDF?Index=AEB&PDF=93-11 (accessed October 2, 2026)
[10]
Refrigerant Solutions for Retrofits and New Equipment. Chemours. GRG (1/24). https://www.opteon.com/en/-/media/files/opteon/us-refrigerant-replacement-guide.pdf?rev=96c2a3e55a4846dfa41b438df6bff27c (accessed October 2, 2026)
[11]
Freon™ 407C Refrigerant (R-407C) Retrofit Guidelines. Chemours. C-11107 (2/17). https://www.freon.com/en/-/media/files/freon/freon-407c-retrofit-guidelines.pdf (accessed October 2, 2026)
[12]
Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Listing of Substitutes Under the SNAP Program (SNAP Rule 23), 86 FR 24444. US EPA (Federal Register). May 6, 2021; effective June 7, 2021. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/05/06/2021-08968/protection-of-stratospheric-ozone-listing-of-substitutes-under-the-significant-new-alternatives (accessed October 2, 2026)
[13]
AC Refrigerant Guide. Carrier. web page. https://www.carrier.com/us/en/residential/hvac-resources/air-conditioners/ac-refrigerant/ (accessed October 2, 2026)
[14]
Genetron® AZ-20 (R-410A). Solstice Advanced Materials (2025 spin-off of Honeywell Advanced Materials). product page. https://www.solstice.com/us/en/products/air-conditioning-refrigeration-and-heating/genetron-hfcs/genetron-az-20-r-410a (accessed October 2, 2026)
[15]
2017 Guideline for Assignment of Refrigerant Container Colors (AHRI Guideline N-2017). AHRI. 2017. https://www.ahrinet.org/system/files/2023-06/AHRI_Guideline_N_2017.pdf (accessed October 2, 2026)
[16]
Arkema Forane® 410A pressure-temperature chart. Arkema. https://forane.arkema.com/files/live/sites/shared_arkema/files/downloads/fluorochemicals/forane-410a-pressure-temperature-chart.pdf (accessed October 2, 2026). The chart states the data were generated with NIST REFPROP, Version 9.0 (2010)
[17]
40 CFR 84.112 — Reclamation. eCFR (Office of the Federal Register). up to date as of 9/25/2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-84/subpart-C/section-84.112 (accessed October 2, 2026). 89 FR 82859, Oct. 11, 2024
[18]
Substitutes in Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps. US EPA (SNAP). last updated March 19, 2026. https://www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-residential-and-light-commercial-air-conditioning-and-heat-pumps (accessed October 5, 2026)