What Pressure Should R-410A Be?
Updated October 26, 2026
R-410A A1 Lower toxicity, no flame propagation
Goodman and Lennox publish a running pressure for each R-410A unit they list. The ranges here come from those tables, not from a rule of thumb.
Read a gauge high and you can recover refrigerant chasing an overcharge that was never there; read it low and you add refrigerant to a system that was already full. The row for your outdoor temperature, and the unit's own charging label, keep a healthy reading from looking like a fault.
At 95°F outdoors, manufacturer tables list a running R-410A system at 134–155 psig suction (low side) and 329–413 psig liquid (high side), read at the service valves.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] That spans 63 Goodman and Lennox outdoor units, with Goodman's at 80°F/67°F indoor air.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Your unit's own table or charging label is the number to check against.[8]
R-410A high and low side by outdoor temperature
Suction is read at the suction service valve and liquid at the liquid service valve. Each row spans every manufacturer table for that outdoor temperature.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
| Outdoor | Low side (suction) | High side (liquid) |
|---|---|---|
| 65°F 18°C | 116–145 psig 800–1,000 kPa | 217–279 psig 1,496–1,924 kPa |
| 75°F 24°C | 124–147 psig 855–1,014 kPa | 250–321 psig 1,724–2,213 kPa |
| 85°F 29°C | 130–150 psig 896–1,034 kPa | 289–365 psig 1,993–2,517 kPa |
| 95°F 35°C | 134–155 psig 924–1,069 kPa | 329–413 psig 2,268–2,848 kPa |
| 105°F 41°C | 136–161 psig 938–1,110 kPa | 371–464 psig 2,558–3,199 kPa |
| 115°F 46°C | 139–168 psig 958–1,158 kPa | 410–527 psig 2,827–3,634 kPa |
Goodman spec sheets SS-GSX14 (1/19), SS-GSX16 (3/21) and SS-DSXC18 (11/16, high stage) cover 26 units at 80°F/67°F indoor air and each of the three listed airflows.[1][2][3] Lennox manuals for XC13, 14ACX, XC21 and XP16 (second stage), XP17 and 13HPX cover 37 units; they list typical pressures without indoor conditions, within ±10 psig liquid and ±5 psig suction.[4][5][6][7][8][9]
Every unit at 95°F (79 tables)
Goodman rows are at 80°F/67°F indoor air and the middle of the three listed airflows.
| Maker | Model | Type | Low side (psig) | High side (psig) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goodman | DSXC180361A* | two-stage, high stage | 144 | 348 | SS-DSXC18 p. 7 |
| Goodman | DSXC180481A* | two-stage, high stage | 147 | 360 | SS-DSXC18 p. 11 |
| Goodman | DSXC180601A* | two-stage, high stage | 140 | 381 | SS-DSXC18 p. 15 |
| Goodman | GSX140181M* | single-stage | 153 | 379 | SS-GSX14 p. 6 |
| Goodman | GSX140191** | single-stage | 151 | 364 | SS-GSX14 p. 8 |
| Goodman | GSX140241** | single-stage | 146 | 368 | SS-GSX14 p. 10 |
| Goodman | GSX140251** | single-stage | 147 | 385 | SS-GSX14 p. 12 |
| Goodman | GSX140301** | single-stage | 150 | 380 | SS-GSX14 p. 14 |
| Goodman | GSX140311** | single-stage | 149 | 372 | SS-GSX14 p. 16 |
| Goodman | GSX140361** | single-stage | 147 | 387 | SS-GSX14 p. 18 |
| Goodman | GSX140371** | single-stage | 147 | 387 | SS-GSX14 p. 20 |
| Goodman | GSX140421** | single-stage | 153 | 403 | SS-GSX14 p. 22 |
| Goodman | GSX140431** | single-stage | 153 | 403 | SS-GSX14 p. 24 |
| Goodman | GSX140481** | single-stage | 150 | 392 | SS-GSX14 p. 26 |
| Goodman | GSX140601** | single-stage | 142 | 410 | SS-GSX14 p. 28 |
| Goodman | GSX16[0/A]181** | single-stage | 143 | 346 | SS-GSX16 p. 6 |
| Goodman | GSX16S181** | single-stage | 146 | 334 | SS-GSX16 p. 8 |
| Goodman | GSX16[0/A]241** | single-stage | 143 | 352 | SS-GSX16 p. 10 |
| Goodman | GSX16S241** | single-stage | 145 | 343 | SS-GSX16 p. 12 |
| Goodman | GSX16[0/S]301** | single-stage | 146 | 371 | SS-GSX16 p. 14 |
| Goodman | GSX16[0311/A301]** | single-stage | 150 | 368 | SS-GSX16 p. 16 |
| Goodman | GSX16[0/S]361** | single-stage | 145 | 381 | SS-GSX16 p. 18 |
| Goodman | GSX16[0371/A361]** | single-stage | 144 | 373 | SS-GSX16 p. 20 |
| Goodman | GSX16[0/S/A]421** | single-stage | 144 | 382 | SS-GSX16 p. 22 |
| Goodman | GSX16[0/S/A]481** | single-stage | 146 | 379 | SS-GSX16 p. 24 |
| Goodman | GSX16[0/A]601** | single-stage | 140 | 364 | SS-GSX16 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-018 | TXV | 138 | 362 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-024 | TXV | 143 | 379 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-030 | TXV | 137 | 380 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-036 | TXV | 144 | 404 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-042 | TXV | 134 | 364 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-048 | TXV | 138 | 377 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-060 | TXV | 135 | 371 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-018 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 138 | 359 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-024 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 142 | 378 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-030 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 140 | 380 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-036 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 146 | 396 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-042 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 136 | 360 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-048 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 140 | 377 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | XC13-060 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 140 | 377 | XC13 506635-01 p. 26 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-018 | TXV | 144 | 351 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-024 | TXV | 142 | 351 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-030 | TXV | 142 | 348 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-036 | TXV | 144 | 366 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-041 | TXV | 146 | 343 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-042 | TXV | 146 | 366 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-047 | TXV | 144 | 361 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-048 | TXV | 141 | 369 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-059/-060 | TXV | 140 | 370 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-018 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 143 | 351 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-024 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 142 | 347 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-030 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 142 | 349 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-036 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 145 | 366 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-041 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 148 | 348 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-042 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 149 | 372 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-047 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 144 | 357 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-048 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 142 | 371 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 14ACX-059/-060 | fixed orifice (RFC) | 141 | 370 | 14ACX 506645-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | XC21-024 | two-stage, 2nd stage | 151 | 336 | XC21 Corp. 0504-L2 p. 18 |
| Lennox | XC21-036 | two-stage, 2nd stage | 149 | 339 | XC21 Corp. 0504-L2 p. 18 |
| Lennox | XC21-048 | two-stage, 2nd stage | 141 | 336 | XC21 Corp. 0504-L2 p. 18 |
| Lennox | XC21-060 | two-stage, 2nd stage | 139 | 360 | XC21 Corp. 0504-L2 p. 18 |
| Lennox | XP17-024 | high stage | 150 | 356 | XP17 506586-01 p. 31 |
| Lennox | XP17-030 | high stage | 146 | 358 | XP17 506586-01 p. 31 |
| Lennox | XP17-036 | high stage | 144 | 354 | XP17 506586-01 p. 31 |
| Lennox | XP17-042 | high stage | 147 | 362 | XP17 506586-01 p. 31 |
| Lennox | XP17-048 | high stage | 144 | 366 | XP17 506586-01 p. 31 |
| Lennox | XP17-060 | high stage | 140 | 369 | XP17 506586-01 p. 31 |
| Lennox | 13HPX-018 | single-stage heat pump, cooling | 141 | 363 | 13HPX 506727-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 13HPX-024 | single-stage heat pump, cooling | 144 | 386 | 13HPX 506727-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 13HPX-030 | single-stage heat pump, cooling | 144 | 403 | 13HPX 506727-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 13HPX-036 | single-stage heat pump, cooling | 138 | 399 | 13HPX 506727-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 13HPX-042 | single-stage heat pump, cooling | 141 | 375 | 13HPX 506727-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 13HPX-048 | single-stage heat pump, cooling | 142 | 381 | 13HPX 506727-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | 13HPX-060 | single-stage heat pump, cooling | 137 | 388 | 13HPX 506727-01 p. 27 |
| Lennox | XP16-024 | two-stage, 2nd stage | 146 | 369 | XP16 506640-01 p. 29 |
| Lennox | XP16-036 | two-stage, 2nd stage | 142 | 346 | XP16 506640-01 p. 29 |
| Lennox | XP16-048 | two-stage, 2nd stage | 144 | 372 | XP16 506640-01 p. 29 |
| Lennox | XP16-060 | two-stage, 2nd stage | 138 | 367 | XP16 506640-01 p. 29 |
Suction pressure tracks the indoor load
Suction rises with the wet bulb of the air entering the indoor coil. In Goodman's tables at 95°F outdoors and an 80°F indoor dry bulb, raising the entering wet bulb from 59°F to 71°F raised suction 9–30 psig on each unit (median 17) and liquid 7–62 psig (median 22.5).[1][2][3]
| Indoor wet bulb | Low side (suction) | High side (liquid) |
|---|---|---|
| 59°F | 119–151 psig 820–1,041 kPa | 290–410 psig 1,999–2,827 kPa |
| 63°F | 127–152 psig 876–1,048 kPa | 312–411 psig 2,151–2,834 kPa |
| 67°F | 139–155 psig 958–1,069 kPa | 329–413 psig 2,268–2,848 kPa |
| 71°F | 145–161 psig 1,000–1,110 kPa | 344–418 psig 2,372–2,882 kPa |
Outdoor temperature moves suction too, far less than it moves the high side. From 65°F to 115°F outdoors, suction rose 7–33 psig across these tables (9–17 psig in Lennox's TXV tables, 19–29 psig in its fixed-orifice tables, 19–33 psig in Goodman's at 80°F/67°F indoor), while liquid pressure rose 185–264 psig.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
Two-stage units read higher suction on low stage. At 95°F, all 11 two-stage units in these tables read 1–8 psig more suction on low stage than on high stage, and 9 of the 11 read lower liquid pressure; the low-stage tables span 142–154 psig suction and 323–361 psig liquid.[3][6][7]
Airflow moves these readings less. Across the three airflows Goodman lists for each unit, suction changed 3–6 psig and liquid 4–15 psig at 95°F.[1][2][3]
What the pressures mean in temperature
A PT chart turns each reading into a saturation temperature. At 95°F outdoors, the 134–155 psig suction range is a 46.6–54.6°F dew point at the suction valve, and the 329–413 psig liquid range is a 102.3–118.8°F bubble point, 7–24°F above the outdoor air.[16] See the R-410A PT chart.
Standing pressure (system off)
With the system off long enough for pressures to equalize, the gauges read the saturation pressure of the liquid refrigerant at its temperature; for a blend held as liquid in a closed container, Arkema gives the liquid (bubble) pressure as the one that applies.[17] During the off cycle, refrigerant migrates toward the coldest part of the system, so the reading follows that spot's temperature rather than the outdoor air.[18] NIST notes that non-condensable gas can be diagnosed from its partial pressure while the system is off.[19]
| Off temperature | Standing (psig / kPa) |
|---|---|
| 65°F 18.3°C | 186 psig 1,281 kPa |
| 70°F 21.1°C | 202 psig 1,391 kPa |
| 75°F 23.9°C | 219 psig 1,508 kPa |
| 80°F 26.7°C | 237 psig 1,631 kPa |
| 85°F 29.4°C | 255 psig 1,761 kPa |
| 90°F 32.2°C | 275 psig 1,899 kPa |
| 95°F 35.0°C | 296 psig 2,044 kPa |
| 100°F 37.8°C | 319 psig 2,196 kPa |
| 105°F 40.6°C | 342 psig 2,357 kPa |
| 110°F 43.3°C | 366 psig 2,526 kPa |
| 115°F 46.1°C | 392 psig 2,705 kPa |
Checking the charge with these pressures
Lennox calls these tables a guide for maintenance checks, "not a procedure for charging the system."[4][5][8]
Charge is set by subcooling on systems with a TXV or electronic expansion valve and by superheat on fixed-orifice systems (capillary tubes and pistons). California's Title 24 verification procedure splits the two methods this way and accepts the manufacturer's target where one exists.[21] Work it with the subcooling calculator and the superheat calculator.
Older Lennox literature (XC21, 2009) compared pressures with a table like this first, then confirmed the charge with the approach method.[6]
R-410A vs R-32 vs R-454B at the same conditions
At 95°F outdoors in manufacturer tables:
| Refrigerant | Low side | High side | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| R-410A | 134–155 psig | 329–413 psig | 63 Goodman and Lennox units; Goodman at 80°F/67°F indoor[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] |
| R-32 | 131–153 psig | 348–453 psig | 26 Goodman and Amana variable-speed units at 80°F/67°F indoor[10][11][12][13][14] |
| R-454B | 138–142 psig | 322–351 psig | 2 Lennox EL18KSLV sizes in charge mode[15] |
The R-454B row is one heat pump model in its charge mode, so it isn't a like-for-like comparison. At equal saturation temperatures the refrigerants sit closer: at a 45°F dew point, R-410A is 130 psig, R-32 133 psig and R-454B 118 psig; at a 110°F bubble point, 366, 375 and 346 psig.[16]
Readings that point to a problem
Faults show up as a pattern across suction, head pressure, superheat and subcooling, compared with the same system running normally.[19] NIST measured these patterns on a 2.5-ton R-410A heat pump with a TXV in cooling mode, and its report also reproduces Breuker and Braun's chart for a rooftop unit with a fixed orifice.[19]
| Fault | Suction | Head | Superheat | Subcooling |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Undercharge, superheat still under 16°F | no change detected | lower | no change detected | lower |
| Undercharge, superheat above 16°F | lower | lower | higher | lower |
| Overcharge | no change detected | higher | no change detected | higher |
| Liquid-line restriction, superheat above 16°F | lower | lower | higher | higher |
| Low indoor airflow | lower | lower | no change detected | no change detected |
| Low outdoor airflow, superheat under 16°F | higher | higher | no change detected | lower |
| Low outdoor airflow, superheat above 16°F | lower | higher | higher | lower |
| Compressor valve leakage | higher | lower | no change detected | lower |
NIST split its results at 9°C (16.2°F) of superheat, where the TXV runs out of control range. A liquid-line restriction caused no detectable change below that point. Overcharge, low indoor airflow and compressor leakage never pushed superheat past it at the fault levels tested.[19]
| Fault | Suction | Head | Superheat | Subcooling |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refrigerant leak (undercharge) | lower | lower | higher | lower |
| Liquid-line restriction | lower | lower | higher | higher |
| Condenser fault (blocked coil) | higher | higher | lower | lower |
| Evaporator fault | lower | lower | lower | lower |
| Compressor valve leakage | higher | lower | lower | lower |
Neither NIST chart covers an overcharged fixed-orifice system. DOE's flowchart below does.
DOE's order of checks
DOE's Building America diagnostics guide works through the readings in order once the indoor coil's temperature split runs more than 3°F below its target, with separate charts for fixed-orifice and TXV systems.[20]
| Reading | Fixed orifice | TXV |
|---|---|---|
| Condensing temperature too far above outdoor air | Non-condensables, fouled condenser coil, overcharge or liquid-line restriction | Same |
| Evaporator saturation temperature too low | Liquid-line restriction, fouled evaporator coil or low charge | Same, or the TXV is out of adjustment |
| Low subcooling, low superheat | Expansion device overfeed or fouled evaporator coil | TXV overfeed: unsecured bulb or adjustment |
| Low subcooling, high superheat | Undercharge | Undercharge, or TXV underfeed: bad power element or adjustment |
| High subcooling, low superheat | Overcharge | Overcharge, or TXV overfeed |
| High subcooling, high superheat | Low outdoor temperature | Undercharge, or TXV underfeed |
DOE gives its limits as starting points. Its Table 3 lists a maximum condensing-over-ambient of 25°F above 12 SEER, 30°F at 10–12 SEER and 35°F below 10 SEER, and a minimum evaporator saturation temperature of 35°F, 40°F and 45°F alongside indoor wet bulbs of 62–63°F, 64–65°F and 66–67°F.[20] It adds that non-condensables or a liquid-line restriction also raise subcooling.[20]
Frequently asked questions
What should R-410A pressures be at 80, 90 and 100°F?
Is 400 psi on the high side normal for R-410A?
What is R-410A standing pressure?
How these numbers are calculated
Every operating range on this page comes from manufacturer tables, extracted from the PDFs by script rather than retyped, checked for consistent trends and spot-checked against the page images.
Goodman spec sheets list liquid ("Hi PR") and suction ("Lo PR") pressure at the service valves for each outdoor unit at four indoor dry bulbs (70–85°F), four wet bulbs (59–71°F), three airflows and six outdoor temperatures. We use the 80°F/67°F rows, the indoor conditions of the AHRI 210/240 AFull rating test (95°F outdoors), unless a section says otherwise.[23]
Lennox manuals list typical liquid and suction pressures by outdoor temperature without stating indoor conditions. Two Lennox manuals repeat another's table (XC14 repeats 14ACX; XP13 repeats 13HPX), so each table counts once. Saturation temperatures and standing pressures come from CoolProp 7.2.0.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][24][25][16]
Sources
- [1]GSX14 Split System Air Conditioner, up to 15 SEER (spec sheet SS-GSX14). Goodman. 1/19. https://apps.goodmanmfg.com/brochures/files/5c5085ab40be5SS-GSX14.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Expanded Cooling Data — R-410A liquid (Hi PR) and suction (Lo PR) pressures at the service valves, by outdoor temperature and indoor condition.
- [2]GSX16 Split System Air Conditioner (spec sheet SS-GSX16). Goodman. 3/21. https://apps.goodmanmfg.com/brochures/files/6062166241d6dSS-GSX16.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Expanded Cooling Data — R-410A liquid (Hi PR) and suction (Lo PR) pressures at the service valves, by outdoor temperature and indoor condition.
- [3]DSXC18 Split System Air Conditioner, up to 18 SEER (spec sheet SS-DSXC18). Goodman. 11/16. https://apps.goodmanmfg.com/brochures/files/582b1bf6dd15bSS-DSXC18.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Expanded Cooling Data — R-410A liquid (Hi PR) and suction (Lo PR) pressures at the service valves, by outdoor temperature and indoor condition.
- [4]Elite Series XC13 Units installation instructions 506635-01. Lennox. 09/11. https://www.lennox.com/dA/1ac2b167d5/Lennox_XC13_IOM.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Table 4. Normal Operating Pressures, PDF p. 26 — R-410A typical liquid and suction/vapor operating pressures by outdoor temperature.
- [5]Merit Series 14ACX Units installation instructions 506645-01. Lennox. 07/11. https://www.lennox.com/dA/8b22f61eb8/Lennox_14ACX_IOM.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Table 4. HFC-410A Normal Operating Pressures, PDF p. 27 — R-410A typical liquid and suction/vapor operating pressures by outdoor temperature.
- [6]XC21 Series Units service literature Corp. 0504-L2. Lennox. 07/2009. https://tech.lennoxintl.com/C03e7o14l/VIu12Ch2uV/0504g.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Table 10. Normal Operating Pressures, PDF p. 18 — R-410A typical liquid and suction/vapor operating pressures by outdoor temperature.
- [7]Elite Series XP16 Units installation instructions 506640-01. Lennox. 12/10. https://www.lennox.com/lib/legacy-res/pdfs/installation_maintenance/lennox_xp16_iom.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Table 7. Normal Operating Pressures, PDF p. 29 — R-410A typical liquid and suction/vapor operating pressures by outdoor temperature.
- [8]XP17 System installation instructions 506586-01. Lennox. 06/11. https://www.lennox.com/lib/legacy-res/pdfs/installation_maintenance/lennox_xp17_iom.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Table 10. Normal Operating Pressure, PDF p. 31 — R-410A typical liquid and suction/vapor operating pressures by outdoor temperature.
- [9]Merit Series 13HPX Units installation instructions 506727-01. Lennox. 06/11. https://www.lennox.com/dA/138cce8866/Lennox_13HPX_IOM.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Table 4. Normal Operating Pressures, PDF p. 27-28 — R-410A typical liquid and suction/vapor operating pressures by outdoor temperature.
- [10]GXV6S Variable-Speed R-32 Split System Air Conditioner, up to 17.2 SEER2 (spec sheet SS-GXV6S-R32). Goodman. 07/25. https://apps.goodmanmfg.com/brochures/files/68ed3c631108aSS-GXV6S-R32.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Expanded Cooling Data — R-32 liquid (Hi PR) and suction (Lo PR) pressures at the service valves, by outdoor temperature and indoor condition.
- [11]GXV9S Variable-Speed R-32 Split System Air Conditioner, up to 19 SEER2 (spec sheet SS-GXV9S-R32). Goodman. 07/25. https://apps.goodmanmfg.com/brochures/files/68ed3d136d70fSS-GXV9S-R32.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Expanded Cooling Data — R-32 liquid (Hi PR) and suction (Lo PR) pressures at the service valves, by outdoor temperature and indoor condition.
- [12]AXV9S Variable-Speed R-32 Split System Air Conditioner, up to 19 SEER2 (spec sheet SS-AXV9S-R32). Amana. 07/25. https://apps.goodmanmfg.com/brochures/files/68ee8aca01ff7SS-AXV9S-R32.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Expanded Cooling Data — R-32 liquid (Hi PR) and suction (Lo PR) pressures at the service valves, by outdoor temperature and indoor condition.
- [13]AZV9S Variable-Speed R-32 Split System Heat Pump, up to 21.0 SEER2 (spec sheet SS-AZV9S-R32). Amana. 09/25. https://apps.goodmanmfg.com/brochures/files/68ee8c439a303SS-AZV9S-R32.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Expanded Cooling Data — R-32 liquid (Hi PR) and suction (Lo PR) pressures at the service valves, by outdoor temperature and indoor condition.
- [14]AZV7S Variable-Speed R-32 Split System Heat Pump, up to 19.0 SEER2 (spec sheet SS-AZV7S-R32). Amana. 07/25. https://apps.goodmanmfg.com/brochures/files/68ee8e7c8878dSS-AZV7S-R32.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Expanded Cooling Data — R-32 liquid (Hi PR) and suction (Lo PR) pressures at the service valves, by outdoor temperature and indoor condition.
- [15]Elite Series EL18KSLV Units installation instructions 508700-01. Lennox. 12/2024. https://www.lennox.com/dA/9ab528c680/508700-01.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Table 6. Charge Mode Operating Pressures, PDF p. 26 — R-454B charge-mode liquid and vapor pressures by outdoor temperature.
- [16]CoolProp 7.2.0. CoolProp (I. H. Bell, J. Wronski, S. Quoilin, V. Lemort). https://coolprop.org/ (accessed October 2, 2026). Bell, I. H.; Wronski, J.; Quoilin, S.; Lemort, V. Pure and Pseudo-pure Fluid Thermophysical Property Evaluation and the Open-Source Thermophysical Property Library CoolProp. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53, 2498–2508 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie4033999
- [17]Liquid or Vapor Pressure: Which One Do You Need for Your Application? Arkema (Forane). https://forane.arkema.com/en/resources/tech-tips/liquid-or-vapor-pressure/ (accessed October 20, 2026). which saturation pressure (liquid/bubble vs vapor/dew) applies to a blend held as liquid in a closed container.
- [18]Scroll compressors SH090 to SH485, R410A: Application guidelines, AB243586442172en-US1301. Danfoss. https://assets.danfoss.com/documents/90219/AB243586442172en-US1301.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). p. 31, off-cycle migration — refrigerant migrates to the coldest part of the system during the off cycle.
- [19]NIST Special Publication 1087, Cooling Mode Fault Detection and Diagnosis Method for a Residential Heat Pump (M. Kim, S. H. Yoon, W. V. Payne, P. A. Domanski). National Institute of Standards and Technology. October 2008. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication1087.pdf (accessed October 20, 2026). Table 5.1(a) p. 40 and Table 5.2 p. 41, fault-direction charts; Section 5.4.1 p. 58 — residential heat-pump cooling-mode fault patterns.
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