RefrigerantASHRAE R-404A

R404A PT Chart

Q: What lubricant does R-404A use?

Polyolester (POE) oil. Use the oil the equipment maker specifies.

Updated October 12, 2026

R-404A

A1 Lower toxicity, no flame propagationHFC blend AIM Act HFC

since 2020

Before 2020, AHRI Guideline N assigned R-404A containers the color orange (PMS 021)^{[12], Table 1}. Illustration of a refrigerant cylinder painted light green gray (RAL 7044), the color AHRI Guideline N-2017 calls for on all new refrigerant containers from 2020^{[12], section 4.8}. Label: R-404A, safety class A1, GWP 3,922. No red band: AHRI Guideline N-2017 reserves it for flammable refrigerants^{[12], section 4.7}.

R-143a/R-125/R-134a (52/44/4)

A blend of 44% R-125, 52% R-143a and 4% R-134a by mass^[5], A1^[1], used in low- and medium-temperature refrigeration^[6]. Its GWP is 3,922 on the US EPA basis^[7].

R-404A saturation pressure splits across its glide: dew 85.4 PSIG at 40°F, bubble 236.8 PSIG at 100°F, and 147.4–149.3 PSIG dew-to-bubble at 70°F. Use the dew column for superheat and the bubble column for subcooling. The full table below runs from −40°F to 150°F in 1°F steps.

Checked against the Arkema Forane® 404A pressure-temperature chart^[13] at 40 points from −40°F to 150°F: largest difference 0.05 psi. The chart states it was generated with NIST REFPROP 9.0.

Saturation @ 70°F

149.3 PSIG

GWP (100-yr)

3,922 US EPA value, 40 CFR 84.64(b)

Temperature glide

0.9°F

Boiling point

−51.2°F

Sourced facts

ASHRAE safety class: A1^[1]
Composition (mass): 44% R-125 / 52% R-143a / 4% R-134a^[5]
GWP (100-yr): 3,922^[7]
ODP: 0^[15]
Normal boiling point: bubble −51.2°F (−46.2°C), dew −49.8°F (−45.5°C)^[4]
Temperature glide: 0.9°F at a 40°F dew point^[4]
Lubricant: POE^{[6], R-404A row}
New-equipment status (US): Restricted^[8]

R-404A PT calculator Operating pressures Superheat

R-404A PT chart — printable saturation table

Looking for the R-404A PT chart PDF for shop reference? The complete pressure-temperature saturation table is below: every 1° increment from −40°F to 150°F (or to the refrigerant's critical temperature). Use the Print / Save as PDF button in the table header to download a clean, table-only PDF (the rest of the page is hidden from the print output).

R-404A PT Chart — Pressure-Temperature Saturation Table

Computed with CoolProp 7.2.0 in 1°F steps · hvacptcharts.com

R-404A · 1° increments · °F / PSIG

Tinted rows: 32°F H₂O freeze

R-404A pressure-temperature saturation table in Fahrenheit and PSIG
Temp (°F)	Bubble (PSIG)	Dew (PSIG)
−40°F	4.9	4.3
−39°F	5.4	4.8
−38°F	5.9	5.3
−37°F	6.4	5.8
−36°F	7.0	6.3
−35°F	7.5	6.8
−34°F	8.0	7.4
−33°F	8.6	7.9
−32°F	9.2	8.5
−31°F	9.7	9.0
−30°F	10.3	9.6
−29°F	10.9	10.2
−28°F	11.5	10.8
−27°F	12.2	11.4
−26°F	12.8	12.0
−25°F	13.4	12.7
−24°F	14.1	13.3
−23°F	14.8	14.0
−22°F	15.4	14.6
−21°F	16.1	15.3
−20°F	16.8	16.0
−19°F	17.5	16.7
−18°F	18.3	17.4
−17°F	19.0	18.2
−16°F	19.8	18.9
−15°F	20.5	19.7
−14°F	21.3	20.4
−13°F	22.1	21.2
−12°F	22.9	22.0
−11°F	23.7	22.8
−10°F	24.6	23.6
−9°F	25.4	24.5
−8°F	26.3	25.3
−7°F	27.1	26.2
−6°F	28.0	27.0
−5°F	28.9	27.9
−4°F	29.8	28.8
−3°F	30.8	29.8
−2°F	31.7	30.7
−1°F	32.7	31.6
0°F	33.7	32.6
1°F	34.7	33.6
2°F	35.7	34.6
3°F	36.7	35.6
4°F	37.7	36.6
5°F	38.8	37.7
6°F	39.8	38.7
7°F	40.9	39.8
8°F	42.0	40.9
9°F	43.1	42.0
10°F	44.3	43.1
11°F	45.4	44.3
12°F	46.6	45.4
13°F	47.8	46.6
14°F	49.0	47.8
15°F	50.2	49.0
16°F	51.5	50.2
17°F	52.7	51.5
18°F	54.0	52.7
19°F	55.3	54.0
20°F	56.6	55.3
21°F	57.9	56.6
22°F	59.3	58.0
23°F	60.6	59.3
24°F	62.0	60.7
25°F	63.4	62.1
26°F	64.8	63.5
27°F	66.3	64.9
28°F	67.8	66.4
29°F	69.2	67.8
30°F	70.7	69.3
31°F	72.3	70.8
32°F H₂O freeze	73.8	72.4
33°F	75.4	73.9
34°F	77.0	75.5
35°F	78.6	77.1
36°F	80.2	78.7
37°F	81.8	80.3
38°F	83.5	82.0
39°F	85.2	83.7
40°F	86.9	85.4
41°F	88.6	87.1
42°F	90.4	88.8
43°F	92.2	90.6
44°F	94.0	92.4
45°F	95.8	94.2
46°F	97.6	96.0
47°F	99.5	97.9
48°F	101.4	99.8
49°F	103.3	101.7
50°F	105.3	103.6
51°F	107.2	105.6
52°F	109.2	107.5
53°F	111.2	109.5
54°F	113.3	111.6
55°F	115.3	113.6
56°F	117.4	115.7
57°F	119.5	117.8
58°F	121.7	119.9
59°F	123.8	122.1
60°F	126.0	124.2
61°F	128.2	126.4
62°F	130.5	128.7
63°F	132.7	130.9
64°F	135.0	133.2
65°F	137.3	135.5
66°F	139.7	137.8
67°F	142.0	140.2
68°F	144.4	142.6
69°F	146.9	145.0
70°F	149.3	147.4
71°F	151.8	149.9
72°F	154.3	152.4
73°F	156.8	154.9
74°F	159.4	157.5
75°F	162.0	160.1
76°F	164.6	162.7
77°F	167.3	165.3
78°F	169.9	168.0
79°F	172.7	170.7
80°F	175.4	173.4
81°F	178.2	176.2
82°F	181.0	179.0
83°F	183.8	181.8
84°F	186.7	184.6
85°F	189.5	187.5
86°F	192.5	190.4
87°F	195.4	193.4
88°F	198.4	196.4
89°F	201.4	199.4
90°F	204.5	202.4
91°F	207.5	205.5
92°F	210.7	208.6
93°F	213.8	211.7
94°F	217.0	214.9
95°F	220.2	218.1
96°F	223.4	221.3
97°F	226.7	224.6
98°F	230.0	227.9
99°F	233.4	231.3
100°F	236.8	234.6
101°F	240.2	238.1
102°F	243.6	241.5
103°F	247.1	245.0
104°F	250.6	248.5
105°F	254.2	252.0
106°F	257.8	255.6
107°F	261.4	259.3
108°F	265.1	262.9
109°F	268.8	266.6
110°F	272.5	270.4
111°F	276.3	274.1
112°F	280.1	278.0
113°F	284.0	281.8
114°F	287.9	285.7
115°F	291.8	289.6
116°F	295.8	293.6
117°F	299.8	297.6
118°F	303.8	301.7
119°F	307.9	305.7
120°F	312.0	309.9
121°F	316.2	314.1
122°F	320.4	318.3
123°F	324.7	322.5
124°F	329.0	326.8
125°F	333.3	331.2
126°F	337.7	335.5
127°F	342.1	340.0
128°F	346.6	344.4
129°F	351.1	349.0
130°F	355.6	353.5
131°F	360.2	358.1
132°F	364.9	362.8
133°F	369.6	367.5
134°F	374.3	372.2
135°F	379.1	377.0
136°F	383.9	381.9
137°F	388.8	386.7
138°F	393.7	391.7
139°F	398.7	396.7
140°F	403.7	401.7
141°F	408.8	406.8
142°F	413.9	411.9
143°F	419.1	417.1
144°F	424.3	422.4
145°F	429.6	427.7
146°F	434.9	433.1
147°F	440.3	438.5
148°F	445.7	443.9
149°F	451.2	449.5
150°F	456.8	455.1

R-404A pressure-temperature saturation table in Celsius and kPa
Temp (°C)	Bubble (kPa)	Dew (kPa)
−40°C	34	30
−39°C	40	36
−38°C	47	42
−37°C	53	49
−36°C	60	55
−35°C	67	62
−34°C	75	70
−33°C	82	77
−32°C	90	85
−31°C	98	93
−30°C	106	101
−29°C	115	109
−28°C	124	118
−27°C	133	127
−26°C	143	137
−25°C	152	146
−24°C	162	156
−23°C	173	166
−22°C	183	177
−21°C	194	188
−20°C	206	199
−19°C	217	210
−18°C	229	222
−17°C	242	234
−16°C	254	247
−15°C	267	260
−14°C	281	273
−13°C	294	286
−12°C	308	300
−11°C	323	315
−10°C	338	329
−9°C	353	345
−8°C	369	360
−7°C	385	376
−6°C	401	392
−5°C	418	409
−4°C	435	426
−3°C	453	444
−2°C	471	462
−1°C	490	480
0°C H₂O freeze	509	499
1°C	528	518
2°C	548	538
3°C	569	558
4°C	590	579
5°C	611	601
6°C	633	622
7°C	655	645
8°C	678	667
9°C	702	691
10°C	726	714
11°C	750	739
12°C	775	764
13°C	801	789
14°C	827	815
15°C	854	842
16°C	881	869
17°C	909	896
18°C	937	925
19°C	966	954
20°C	996	983
21°C	1,026	1,013
22°C	1,057	1,044
23°C	1,088	1,075
24°C	1,121	1,107
25°C	1,153	1,140
26°C	1,187	1,173
27°C	1,221	1,207
28°C	1,255	1,242
29°C	1,291	1,277
30°C	1,327	1,313
31°C	1,364	1,350
32°C	1,401	1,387
33°C	1,440	1,425
34°C	1,479	1,464
35°C	1,518	1,504
36°C	1,559	1,544
37°C	1,600	1,585
38°C	1,642	1,627
39°C	1,685	1,670
40°C	1,728	1,713
41°C	1,772	1,758
42°C	1,818	1,803
43°C	1,864	1,849
44°C	1,910	1,895
45°C	1,958	1,943
46°C	2,006	1,991
47°C	2,056	2,041
48°C	2,106	2,091
49°C	2,157	2,142
50°C	2,209	2,194
51°C	2,262	2,247
52°C	2,316	2,301
53°C	2,371	2,356
54°C	2,427	2,412
55°C	2,484	2,469
56°C	2,542	2,527
57°C	2,601	2,586
58°C	2,660	2,646
59°C	2,721	2,707
60°C	2,784	2,770
61°C	2,847	2,833
62°C	2,911	2,898
63°C	2,977	2,964
64°C	3,043	3,031
65°C	3,111	3,099
66°C	3,180	3,169

CoolProp 7.2.0 · PSIG/kPa = gauge · PSIA = PSIG + 14.6959 · kPa(abs) = kPa(gauge) + 101.325

Full saturation values at 1° increments. Toggle between °F / PSIG and °C / kPa. Use Print / Save as PDF for laminated shop reference, or download the CSV / JSON below for use in other tools. R-404A PT chart data: CoolProp 7.2.0 (published Helmholtz equations of state / mixture models — see the source citations above).

Lower toxicity, no flame propagation

Lower toxicity (Occupational Exposure Limit ≥ 400 ppm). No flame propagation in air at standard atmospheric pressure and 60°C. R-134a, R-22, R-410A, R-404A, R-744 (CO2) are A1.

Flammability: None (no flame propagation)
Toxicity: Lower (OEL ≥ 400 ppm)

Classification per ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022^{[1], safety group definitions and refrigerant safety classifications}. See full reference.

Saturation pressure-temperature curve

Pressure

Temperature

Highlight at°F

Quick lookup — R-404A

Temp:°F

149.3 / 147.4PSIG(1,029 / 1,017 kPa)

Bubble Dew· zeotropic blend

Range: −40 to 150°F Open full PT calculator →

Common service temperatures

32°F

74 / 72PSIG

Freezing

45°F

96 / 94PSIG

Heat-pump heat

70°F

149 / 147PSIG

Standard

75°F

162 / 160PSIG

Test ref

80°F

175 / 173PSIG

Warm

95°F

220 / 218PSIG

Summer peak

Saturation values from CoolProp 7.2.0 mixture model: R-143a/R-125/R-134a, 52/44/4% by mass^[4]. Operating pressure on a running system differs — see what R-404A operating pressures should be.

At a glance

Chemistry

R-143a/R-125/R-134a (52/44/4)

Ternary HFC blend

Lubricant compatibility

POEMOAB

POE required.

Blend composition

R-143a 52.0%
R-125 44.0%
R-134a 4.0%

Trade names

Freon™ 404A — Chemours; US sales ended May 2, 2024
Forane® FX70 — Arkema^[6]
Forane® 404A — Arkema^[13]

Common applications

Low- and medium-temperature refrigeration

Properties

Boiling point (1 atm)
bubble −51.2°F (−46.2°C), dew −49.8°F (−45.5°C)
Critical point
No single point — blend critical locus
Molar mass
97.60 g/mol
Temperature glide
0.9°F
ODP
0
GWP (100-yr)
3,922 US EPA value, 40 CFR 84.64(b) IPCC: AR4 3,922 · AR5 3,943 · AR6 4,728
New-equipment status (US)
Restricted in 48 new-equipment categories — US new-equipment rules (40 CFR 84.54).

What is R-404A?

R-404A is a zeotropic blend (ASHRAE 400 series) of three HFCs: 44% pentafluoroethane (R-125), 52% 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a) and 4% 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) by mass^[5].

Its GWP on the US EPA basis is 3,922^[7]. Most of that comes from R-143a (52% by mass, GWP 4,470) and R-125 (44%, GWP 3,500)^[5]^[7].

Regulatory & phase-down status

See the US new-equipment rules (40 CFR 84.54) section on this page for the full mapped table. Under Regulation (EU) No 517/2014, since replaced by (EU) 2024/573, applying from March 11, 2024, R-404A (GWP 3,922) was restricted in new stationary refrigeration from January 1, 2020 (Annex III row 12, except equipment designed to cool products below −50°C) and in multipack centralised systems ≥40 kW from 2022 (row 13)^[3].

Service notes

R-404A uses POE oil (Copeland lists POE-32)^[6]. Use the oil the equipment maker specifies.

R-404A is an A1 refrigerant, so no special A2L procedures apply^[1]. Venting it while servicing or disposing of equipment is prohibited under Clean Air Act section 608^[9].

Operating cycle

Phase-down timeline

R-404A contains HFC-125, HFC-143a and HFC-134a, regulated substances under the AIM Act^{[2], 42 U.S.C. 7675(c)(1)}. Its GWP under 40 CFR 84.64 is 3,922, at or above the limit in 48 of the categories 40 CFR 84.54 restricts (listed under “All 84.54 categories restricting R-404A”).

From January 1, 2025 — new retail food refrigeration — stand-alone units: manufacture / import restricted (GWP ≥ 150)^{[8], §84.54(a)(4)}.
From January 1, 2025 — new refrigerated transport — road and marine (self-contained products): manufacture / import restricted (listed refrigerant)^{[8], §84.54(a)(7)}.
From January 1, 2025 — new refrigerated transport — road or marine systems: installation restricted (listed refrigerant)^{[8], §84.54(c)(8)}.
From January 1, 2026 — new ice makers — batch type up to 1,000 lb of ice per 24 h and continuous type up to 1,200 lb per 24 h: manufacture / import restricted (GWP ≥ 150)^{[8], §84.54(a)(8)(i)}.
From July 27, 2026 — new refrigerated transport — intermodal containers with a box temperature of −31°F (−35°C) or higher: manufacture / import restricted (GWP ≥ 700)^{[8], §84.54(a)(6)}.
From July 27, 2026 — new retail food refrigeration — remote condensing units: installation restricted (GWP ≥ 1,400)^{[8], §84.54(c)(11)(i)}.
From July 27, 2026 — new refrigerated transport — intermodal containers with a box temperature of −31°F (−35°C) or higher: installation restricted (GWP ≥ 700)^{[8], §84.54(c)(7)}.
From July 27, 2026 — new cold storage warehouse systems: installation restricted (GWP ≥ 700)^{[8], §84.54(c)(9)(i)}.
From January 1, 2027 — new ice makers — batch type above 1,000 lb of ice per 24 h and continuous type above 1,200 lb per 24 h: manufacture / import restricted (listed refrigerant)^{[8], §84.54(a)(8)(ii)}.
From January 1, 2027 — new supermarket systems: installation restricted (GWP ≥ 1,400)^{[8], §84.54(c)(12)(i)}.
From January 1, 2027 — new automatic commercial ice machines with a remote condenser: installation restricted (listed refrigerant)^{[8], §84.54(c)(14)}.
From January 1, 2028 — new retail food refrigeration — stand-alone units: sale and distribution restricted (GWP ≥ 150)^{[8], §84.54(b)}.
From January 1, 2032 — new retail food refrigeration — remote condensing units: installation restricted at GWP ≥ 150 for systems with 200 lb or more of refrigerant (except the high-temperature side of a cascade system), and at GWP ≥ 300 for systems under 200 lb and for the high-temperature side of a cascade system^{[8], §84.54(c)(11)(ii)}.
From January 1, 2032 — new supermarket systems: installation restricted at GWP ≥ 150 for systems with 200 lb or more of refrigerant (except the high-temperature side of a cascade system), and at GWP ≥ 300 for systems under 200 lb and for the high-temperature side of a cascade system^{[8], §84.54(c)(12)(ii)}.
From January 1, 2032 — new cold storage warehouse systems: installation restricted at GWP ≥ 150 for systems with 200 lb or more of refrigerant (except the high-temperature side of a cascade system), and at GWP ≥ 300 for systems under 200 lb and for the high-temperature side of a cascade system^{[8], §84.54(c)(9)(ii)}.

HFC production & consumption allowances step down to 30% of baseline in 2029–2033, 20% of baseline in 2034–2035, and 15% of baseline in 2036 and later (42 U.S.C. 7675(e)(2)(C))^[2].

Full 40 CFR 84.54 new-equipment rules for R-404A →

US new-equipment rules (40 CFR 84.54)

R-404A contains HFC-125, HFC-143a and HFC-134a, regulated substances under the AIM Act^{[2], 42 U.S.C. 7675(c)(1)}. Under 40 CFR 84.64(b) its GWP is 3,922: each component's GWP times its mass fraction; components without a GWP under 84.64 are left out (84.64(c)). That value is compared against each 40 CFR 84.54 subsector limit below.

Effective	Equipment subsector	Limit	Restriction	¶
January 1, 2025	Retail food refrigeration — stand-alone units	GWP ≥ 150	Manufacture / import	(a)(4)
January 1, 2025	Refrigerated transport — road and marine (self-contained products)	listed refrigerant	Manufacture / import	(a)(7)
January 1, 2025	Refrigerated transport — road or marine systems	listed refrigerant	Installation	(c)(8)
January 1, 2026	Ice makers — batch type up to 1,000 lb of ice per 24 h and continuous type up to 1,200 lb per 24 h	GWP ≥ 150	Manufacture / import	(a)(8)(i)
July 27, 2026	Refrigerated transport — intermodal containers with a box temperature of −31°F (−35°C) or higher	GWP ≥ 700	Manufacture / import	(a)(6)
July 27, 2026	Retail food refrigeration — remote condensing units	GWP ≥ 1,400	Installation	(c)(11)(i)
July 27, 2026	Refrigerated transport — intermodal containers with a box temperature of −31°F (−35°C) or higher	GWP ≥ 700	Installation	(c)(7)
July 27, 2026	Cold storage warehouse systems	GWP ≥ 700	Installation	(c)(9)(i)
January 1, 2027	Ice makers — batch type above 1,000 lb of ice per 24 h and continuous type above 1,200 lb per 24 h	listed refrigerant	Manufacture / import	(a)(8)(ii)
January 1, 2027	Supermarket systems	GWP ≥ 1,400	Installation	(c)(12)(i)
January 1, 2027	Automatic commercial ice machines with a remote condenser	listed refrigerant	Installation	(c)(14)
January 1, 2028	Retail food refrigeration — stand-alone units	GWP ≥ 150	Sale / distribution	(b)
January 1, 2028	Refrigerated transport — road and marine (self-contained products)	listed refrigerant	Sale / distribution	(b)
January 1, 2029	Ice makers — batch type up to 1,000 lb of ice per 24 h and continuous type up to 1,200 lb per 24 h	GWP ≥ 150	Sale / distribution	(b)
July 27, 2029	Refrigerated transport — intermodal containers with a box temperature of −31°F (−35°C) or higher	GWP ≥ 700	Sale / distribution	(b)
January 1, 2030	Ice makers — batch type above 1,000 lb of ice per 24 h and continuous type above 1,200 lb per 24 h	listed refrigerant	Sale / distribution	(b)
January 1, 2032	Retail food refrigeration — remote condensing units	GWP ≥ 150 (200 lb or greater, not the cascade high side); GWP ≥ 300 (less than 200 lb); GWP ≥ 300 (cascade high side)	Installation	(c)(11)(ii)
January 1, 2032	Supermarket systems	GWP ≥ 150 (200 lb or greater, not the cascade high side); GWP ≥ 300 (less than 200 lb); GWP ≥ 300 (cascade high side)	Installation	(c)(12)(ii)
January 1, 2032	Cold storage warehouse systems	GWP ≥ 150 (200 lb or greater, not the cascade high side); GWP ≥ 300 (less than 200 lb); GWP ≥ 300 (cascade high side)	Installation	(c)(9)(ii)

All 84.54 categories restricting R-404A (48)^[8]

Refrigeration, air conditioning & heat pumps (41)
January 1, 2025	Self-contained residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump products	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(1)
January 1, 2025	Chillers for comfort cooling	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(10)(i)
January 1, 2025	Chillers for ice rinks	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(10)(ii)
January 1, 2025	Residential dehumidifiers	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(2)
January 1, 2025	Household refrigerators and freezers	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(3)
January 1, 2025	Retail food refrigeration — stand-alone units	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(4)
January 1, 2025	Vending machines	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(5)
January 1, 2025	Refrigerated transport — road and marine (self-contained products)	listed refrigerant	(a)(7)
January 1, 2025	Residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump systems (except VRF)	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(1)
January 1, 2025	Chillers for comfort cooling	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(3)
January 1, 2025	Ice rinks	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(4)
January 1, 2025	Refrigerated transport — road or marine systems	listed refrigerant	(c)(8)
January 1, 2026	Chillers for industrial process refrigeration, fluid exiting the chiller warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(10)(iii)
January 1, 2026	Industrial process refrigeration products (non-chiller), charge 200 lb or greater, refrigerant entering the evaporator warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(12)(i)
January 1, 2026	Industrial process refrigeration products (non-chiller), charge less than 200 lb, refrigerant entering the evaporator warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 300	(a)(12)(ii)
January 1, 2026	Ice makers — batch type up to 1,000 lb of ice per 24 h and continuous type up to 1,200 lb per 24 h	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(8)(i)
January 1, 2026	Industrial process refrigeration systems (non-chiller), charge 200 lb or greater, evaporator inlet warmer than −22°F (−30°C), not the high-temperature side of a cascade	GWP ≥ 150	(c)(10)(i)
January 1, 2026	Industrial process refrigeration systems (non-chiller), charge less than 200 lb, evaporator inlet warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 300	(c)(10)(ii)
January 1, 2026	Industrial process refrigeration — high-temperature side of cascade systems, evaporator inlet warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 300	(c)(10)(iii)
January 1, 2026	Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) residential & light-commercial AC and heat pump systems	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(2)
January 1, 2026	Chillers for industrial process refrigeration, fluid exiting the chiller warmer than −22°F (−30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(5)(i)
July 27, 2026	Refrigerated transport — intermodal containers with a box temperature of −31°F (−35°C) or higher	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(6)
July 27, 2026	Retail food refrigeration — remote condensing units	GWP ≥ 1,400	(c)(11)(i)
July 27, 2026	Refrigerated transport — intermodal containers with a box temperature of −31°F (−35°C) or higher	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(7)
July 27, 2026	Cold storage warehouse systems	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(9)(i)
January 1, 2027	Self-contained products in data center, information technology equipment facility, and computer room cooling	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(11)
January 1, 2027	Ice makers — batch type above 1,000 lb of ice per 24 h and continuous type above 1,200 lb per 24 h	listed refrigerant	(a)(8)(ii)
January 1, 2027	Refrigerated food processing and dispensing products outside the scope of UL 621, charge 500 g or less	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(9)(i)
January 1, 2027	Refrigerated food processing and dispensing products outside the scope of UL 621, charge greater than 500 g	listed refrigerant	(a)(9)(ii)
January 1, 2027	Supermarket systems	GWP ≥ 1,400	(c)(12)(i)
January 1, 2027	Data center, information technology equipment facility, and computer room cooling systems	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(13)
January 1, 2027	Automatic commercial ice machines with a remote condenser	listed refrigerant	(c)(14)
January 1, 2027	Refrigerated food processing and dispensing equipment with a remote condenser	listed refrigerant	(c)(15)
January 1, 2028	Chillers for industrial process refrigeration, fluid exiting the chiller from −58°F to −22°F (−50°C to −30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(10)(iv)
January 1, 2028	Industrial process refrigeration products (non-chiller), refrigerant entering the evaporator from −58°F to −22°F (−50°C to −30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(a)(12)(iii)
January 1, 2028	Refrigerated food processing and dispensing products within the scope of UL 621 (ice cream makers)	listed refrigerant	(a)(9)(iii)
January 1, 2028	Industrial process refrigeration systems (non-chiller), evaporator inlet from −58°F to −22°F (−50°C to −30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(10)(iv)
January 1, 2028	Chillers for industrial process refrigeration, fluid exiting the chiller from −58°F to −22°F (−50°C to −30°C)	GWP ≥ 700	(c)(6)(i)
January 1, 2032	Retail food refrigeration — remote condensing units	GWP ≥ 150 (200 lb or greater, not the cascade high side); GWP ≥ 300 (less than 200 lb); GWP ≥ 300 (cascade high side)	(c)(11)(ii)
January 1, 2032	Supermarket systems	GWP ≥ 150 (200 lb or greater, not the cascade high side); GWP ≥ 300 (less than 200 lb); GWP ≥ 300 (cascade high side)	(c)(12)(ii)
January 1, 2032	Cold storage warehouse systems	GWP ≥ 150 (200 lb or greater, not the cascade high side); GWP ≥ 300 (less than 200 lb); GWP ≥ 300 (cascade high side)	(c)(9)(ii)
Motor vehicle air conditioning (3)
October 24, 2024	Motor vehicle air-conditioning in Model Year 2025 and later light-duty passenger cars and trucks (gross vehicle weight rating under 8,500 lb)	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(13)(i)
Model Year 2028	Motor vehicle air-conditioning in medium-duty passenger vehicles, heavy-duty pickup trucks and complete heavy-duty vans whose air-conditioning will not be modified by upfitters	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(13)(ii)
January 1, 2028	Motor vehicle air-conditioning in certain nonroad vehicles (agricultural tractors over 40 horsepower; self-propelled agricultural machinery; compact equipment; construction, forestry and mining equipment; and commercial utility vehicles)	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(13)(iii)
Foam blowing agents (2)
January 1, 2025	Foam products: rigid polyurethane appliance foam, commercial refrigeration foam, laminated boardstock, marine flotation foam, sandwich panels, slabstock; flexible polyurethane; integral skin polyurethane; polystyrene (extruded boardstock, billet, extruded sheet); phenolic insulation board and bunstock; polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock; polyolefin; rigid polyurethane spray foam	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(14)
January 1, 2026	Foam products in the (a)(14) formulations for use in space and military applications	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(15)
Aerosol propellants / solvents (2)
January 1, 2025	Aerosol products	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(16)(i)
January 1, 2028	Aerosol products (all, except defense sprays as defined in 84.3)	GWP ≥ 150	(a)(16)(ii)

Servicing. 40 CFR 84.54 restricts new manufacture/import, later sale/distribution, and installation. "Installation" is defined in 84.54(e); repairing or servicing existing R-404A equipment is not an installation unless it meets 84.54(e), so existing systems can keep being serviced. From January 1, 2029, servicing or repairing R-404A equipment in supermarket systems, refrigerated transport or automatic commercial ice makers must be done with reclaimed refrigerant^[14].

EU (retail-food / cold-storage)

Under Regulation (EU) No 517/2014, since replaced by (EU) 2024/573, applying from March 11, 2024 (compared against the AR4 headline GWP), R-404A's GWP is at or above the limit in:

Art. 13(3): from January 1, 2020, F-gases with GWP ≥ 2,500 may not be used to service or maintain refrigeration equipment with a charge of 40 t CO₂e or more — except military equipment, equipment cooling products below −50 °C, and, until January 1, 2030, reclaimed or recycled gas.
Annex III row 11: Refrigerators and freezers for commercial use (hermetically sealed equipment) — GWP ≥ 2,500, from January 1, 2020.
Annex III row 12: Stationary refrigeration equipment — GWP ≥ 2,500, from January 1, 2020 (except equipment designed to cool products below −50°C).
Annex III row 11: Refrigerators and freezers for commercial use (hermetically sealed equipment) — GWP ≥ 150, from January 1, 2022.
Annex III row 13: Multipack centralised refrigeration systems for commercial use with a rated capacity of 40 kW or more — GWP ≥ 150, from January 1, 2022 (the primary refrigerant circuit of a cascade system may use GWP below 1,500).

Regulation (EU) No 517/2014.

Source: 40 CFR 84.54, current through 91 FR 31329 (May 26, 2026). Installation defined at 40 CFR 84.54(e).

Global warming potential, in context

Commercial refrigeration — low temperature

Retrofit and replacement paths

R-404A replaces

Replacements for R-404A

Reading the R-404A pressure-temperature chart

R-404A's PT chart shows two curves because it is a zeotropic blend, but the spread is small: about 0.9°F at 85.4 psig, the pressure where its dew point is 40°F.

For service measurement: superheat at the suction line uses the dew temperature at suction pressure; subcooling at the liquid line uses the bubble temperature at liquid-line pressure^[10].

R-404A vs R-502, R-22, R-449A, R-454C: saturation pressure

Saturation pressure (PSIG, gauge) for R-404A vs R-502, R-22, R-449A, R-454C — zeotropic blends shown as dew / bubble. Each column shows the percent difference from R-404A. Source: CoolProp 7.2.0 dataset.
Temp	R-404A	R-502	R-22	R-449A	R-454C
0°F	33.7	29.8(−12%)	24.0(−29%)	24.2 / 33.4(−1%)	19.9 / 31.8(−6%)
40°F	86.9	77.9(−10%)	68.6(−21%)	71.6 / 87.4(+1%)	61.5 / 82.4(−5%)
70°F	149.3	133.9(−10%)	121.4(−19%)	129.4 / 151.0(+1%)	112.2 / 141.2(−5%)
100°F	236.8	211.8(−11%)	195.9(−17%)	212.7 / 240.0(+1%)	185.1 / 222.5(−6%)

Frequently asked

›What is the normal operating pressure of R-404A?

Operating pressure depends on evaporator load and ambient; for suction and discharge by outdoor temperature, see What pressure should R-404A be?. The saturation pressures are in the PT table and the comparison table on this page.

›Why is R-404A being phased out so aggressively?

GWP. Its US EPA-basis GWP is 3,922; most of that comes from R-143a (52% by mass, GWP 4,470) and R-125 (44%, GWP 3,500)^[5]^[7]. Under Regulation (EU) No 517/2014, since replaced by (EU) 2024/573, applying from March 11, 2024, R-404A (GWP 3,922) was restricted in new stationary refrigeration from January 1, 2020 (Annex III row 12, except equipment designed to cool products below −50°C)^[3], and under the AIM Act it is restricted in new equipment subsector by subsector under 40 CFR 84.54 — see the US new-equipment rules section on this page^[8].

›What are the R-404A replacements?

For existing R-404A systems, R-448A (Solstice™ N40) and R-449A (Opteon™ XP40) are A1 alternatives listed as similar to R-404A^[6]^[1]; Chemours' XP40 guidelines say the POE already in most R-404A systems should be suitable^[10].

›Is R-404A still legal in the US?

Under the AIM Act, new R-404A equipment is restricted subsector by subsector under 40 CFR 84.54 — for example refrigerated transport road/marine self-contained from January 1, 2025 (84.54(a)(7)/(c)(8)) and supermarket systems from January 1, 2027 (84.54(c)(12)(i)); see the US new-equipment rules section on this page for the full mapped table^[8]. 40 CFR 84.54 does not restrict servicing existing R-404A equipment^[8].

AIM Act allowances for US HFC production and consumption step down to 30% of baseline in 2029–2033, 20% in 2034–2035 and 15% from 2036^[2].

›What lubricant does R-404A use?

Polyolester (POE) oil^[6].

Use the oil the equipment maker specifies.

›Does R-404A have temperature glide?

A little: about 0.9°F at 85.4 psig, the pressure where its dew point is 40°F. For blends, Chemours' guidance is to use the dew point for superheat and the bubble point for subcooling^[10].

›Can I retrofit R-404A to a lower-GWP refrigerant?

Yes. R-448A and R-449A are A1 blends listed as similar to R-404A^[6]^[1], with GWPs of 1,386 and 1,396 versus 3,922^[7]; Chemours' XP40 guidelines say the POE already in most R-404A systems should be suitable^[10].

R-454C and R-455A are A2L^[1]; Chemours positions R-454C for new equipment, not retrofits^[11].

Download this dataset

Full PT chart for R-404A · CC BY 4.0 · attribute the source

CSV JSON

Sources & citations

[1]
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants (free read-only version). ASHRAE. 2022. https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/standards-and-guidelines/read-only-versions-of-ashrae-standards (accessed October 2, 2026)
[2]
42 U.S.C. 7675 — American Innovation and Manufacturing Act. US Code (via Cornell LII). current. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/7675 (accessed October 2, 2026)
[3]
Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases. EUR-Lex. OJ L 150, 20.5.2014 (replaced by (EU) 2024/573 from March 11, 2024). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014R0517 (accessed October 2, 2026)
[4]
CoolProp 7.2.0. CoolProp (I. H. Bell, J. Wronski, S. Quoilin, V. Lemort). https://coolprop.org/ (accessed October 2, 2026). Bell, I. H.; Wronski, J.; Quoilin, S.; Lemort, V. Pure and Pseudo-pure Fluid Thermophysical Property Evaluation and the Open-Source Thermophysical Property Library CoolProp. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53, 2498–2508 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie4033999
[5]
ASHRAE Refrigerant Designations. ASHRAE. web page, updated May 25, 2021. https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/standards-and-guidelines/ashrae-refrigerant-designations (accessed October 2, 2026)
[6]
Refrigerants and lubricants approved for use in Copeland compressors. Copeland. Form 93-11 R41 (5/24). https://webapps.copeland.com/online-product-information/Publication/LaunchPDF?Index=AEB&PDF=93-11 (accessed October 2, 2026)
[7]
Technology Transitions GWP Reference Table. US EPA. updated April 2, 2026. https://www.epa.gov/hfcs/technology-transitions-gwp-reference-table (accessed October 2, 2026)
[8]
40 CFR 84.54 — Restrictions on the use of hydrofluorocarbons. eCFR (Office of the Federal Register). up to date as of 9/29/2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-84/subpart-B/section-84.54 (accessed October 2, 2026)
[9]
Stationary Refrigeration — Prohibition on Venting Refrigerants. US EPA. last updated December 8, 2025. https://www.epa.gov/section608/stationary-refrigeration-prohibition-venting-refrigerants (accessed October 2, 2026)
[10]
Opteon™ XP40 Retrofit Guidelines to Replace R-404A/R-507. Chemours. C-10023 (1/16). https://www.opteon.com/en/-/media/files/opteon/opteon-xp40-retrofit-guidelines-r-404a-r-507.pdf (accessed October 5, 2026)
[11]
Opteon™ XL20 Refrigerant (R-454C) Product Information. Chemours. C-10999 (1/2024). https://www.opteon.de/-/media/files/opteon/opteon-xl20-pib-en.pdf (accessed October 2, 2026)
[12]
2017 Guideline for Assignment of Refrigerant Container Colors (AHRI Guideline N-2017). AHRI. 2017. https://www.ahrinet.org/system/files/2023-06/AHRI_Guideline_N_2017.pdf (accessed October 2, 2026)
[13]
Arkema Forane® 404A pressure-temperature chart. Arkema. https://forane.arkema.com/files/live/sites/shared_arkema/files/downloads/fluorochemicals/forane-404a-pressure-temperature-chart.pdf (accessed October 2, 2026). The chart states the data were generated with NIST REFPROP, Version 9.0 (2010)
[14]
40 CFR 84.112 — Reclamation. eCFR (Office of the Federal Register). up to date as of 9/25/2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-84/subpart-C/section-84.112 (accessed October 2, 2026). 89 FR 82859, Oct. 11, 2024
[15]
Substitutes in Typical Supermarket Systems. US EPA (SNAP). last updated March 20, 2026. https://www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-typical-supermarket-systems (accessed October 5, 2026)