R-514A
Binary HFO/HCO blend — 74.7% R-1336mzz(Z) and 25.3% R-1130(E) (trans-1,2-dichloroethylene). Chemours Opteon XP30. ASHRAE B1 (higher toxicity than A1). GWP 2. Designed as R-123 replacement for low-pressure centrifugal chillers. The R-1130(E) component requires ventilation/leak-detection attention.
Higher toxicity (Occupational Exposure Limit < 400 ppm). No flame propagation. R-123, R-245fa, R-514A are B1. Centrifugal-chiller machine rooms require ventilation, refrigerant leak detection, and emergency egress per ASHRAE Standard 15.
- Flammability
- None
- Toxicity
- Higher (OEL < 400 ppm)
Classification per ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022. See full reference.
Saturation pressure-temperature curve
No PT chart in this build — see manufacturer datasheet. R-514Ahas a published PT chart in its manufacturer's technical datasheet (linked below). The chart has not been transcribed into this site's dataset. For service work, use the manufacturer's published PT chart directly — link below.
- manufacturer-datasheetThe Chemours Company, Opteon XP30 (R-514A) Technical Information.PT chart for R-514A (R-1336mzz(Z)/R-1130(E) 74.7/25.3 mass%, low-pressure chiller refrigerant).https://www.opteon.com/en/products/stationary-refrigerants/xp30
At a glance
Chemistry
Lubricant compatibility
Very low GWP centrifugal chiller refrigerant. B1 safety class (higher toxicity than typical HFOs) — ventilation and leak detection required.
Blend composition
- R-1336mzz(Z)74.7%
- R-1130(E)25.3%
Trade names
- Opteon XP30Chemours
Common applications
- Low-pressure centrifugal chillers (high-tonnage commercial)
- R-123 replacement
Properties
- Boiling point (1 atm)29.4°C / 84.9°F
- Critical point353.1°F at 510 PSIG
- Molar mass139.60 g/mol
- Temperature glideNegligible (0.00°F)
- ODP0
- GWP (AR5, 100-yr)2
What is R-514A?
R-514A is a binary blend of R-1336mzz(Z) (a pure HFO with high boiling point, 74.7% mass) and R-1130(E) (trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, an HCO — hydrochloroolefin, 25.3% mass). The R-1130(E) component gives R-514A higher volumetric capacity than pure R-1336mzz(Z) would have, fitting the saturation pressure envelope of R-123 more closely. The blend was developed by Chemours specifically as a near-drop-in replacement for R-123 in low-pressure centrifugal chillers.
The B1 safety classification is a critical distinguishing feature: R-1130(E) has higher chronic toxicity than typical HVAC refrigerants. ASHRAE 34 places the blend in class B (higher toxicity) rather than class A (lower toxicity). This is a single-letter classification change with significant practical implications: refrigerant machine rooms require ventilation per ASHRAE 15 Table 8-2 with B1-appropriate leak-detection setpoints and ventilation rates. Service personnel exposure must be managed via standard industrial hygiene practices (avoid prolonged inhalation exposure during service).
Where R-514A is used
- Low-pressure centrifugal chillers (R-123 replacement, primary application)
- Some new low-pressure chiller installations
- Industrial process cooling at large tonnages
Regulatory & phase-down status
R-514A is not subject to climate phase-down — GWP 2 and ODP 0 keep it below all current thresholds. The constraint on adoption is the B1 toxicity classification, which adds operational complexity vs A1 alternatives like R-1233zd(E) and R-1224yd(Z). For chiller OEMs and operators willing to manage the B1 ventilation and leak-detection requirements, R-514A provides excellent thermodynamic match to R-123; for those preferring simpler A1 service, R-1233zd(E) or R-1224yd(Z) are the alternatives.
Competitive position: R-1233zd(E) (Solstice zd, A1) currently leads in centrifugal chiller R-123 replacement. R-514A is positioned as the alternative for installations where slight efficiency advantages justify the B1 service requirements.
Service notes
POE and PVE oils are compatible. Mineral oil is not used. The B1 classification requires: (1) machine-room ventilation per ASHRAE 15 with refrigerant-specific design; (2) leak detection with B1-appropriate sensors at concentrations below the refrigerant concentration limit; (3) industrial hygiene practices during service (avoid prolonged direct inhalation, use of fume extraction during repairs).
R-514A is a low-pressure refrigerant — evaporator pressures can be sub-atmospheric. Leak prevention is critical for air-ingress reasons (air contamination of the system) as much as for personnel exposure. EPA Section 608 Type II or Universal certification covers R-514A service.
Phase-down timeline
R-514A is not subject to AIM Act or EU F-Gas phase-down regulation. With a 100-year GWP of 2 (HFO) and zero ozone-depletion potential, it sits below both the EU F-Gas 150 GWP cap and the EPA AIM Act 700 GWP cap. No phase-down schedule applies — it is one of the refrigerants chosen for the transition away from high-GWP HFCs.
Global warming potential, in context
Low-pressure centrifugal chillers
Retrofit and replacement paths
R-514A replaces
Frequently asked
›What does B1 safety classification mean in practice?
ASHRAE 34's B class indicates higher chronic toxicity than class A. "1" indicates non-flammable. B1 refrigerants require enhanced machine-room ventilation and leak detection per ASHRAE 15 — the design refrigerant concentration limit is lower for B1 than for A1, meaning more aggressive ventilation rates and lower-setpoint sensors. R-123 itself is B1; R-514A inherits a similar classification because of the R-1130(E) component. Service personnel use standard industrial hygiene practices (respiratory protection during prolonged exposure, ventilation during repairs).
›Why use R-514A instead of R-1233zd(E) for R-123 retrofit?
Choice factors: (1) thermodynamic match — R-514A's pressure envelope is slightly closer to R-123 than R-1233zd(E)'s, meaning less compressor adjustment in retrofit; (2) capacity — R-514A delivers within 2-3% of R-123 capacity in most installations vs R-1233zd(E)'s 3-6% reduction; (3) OEM relationship — Chemours-aligned operators may prefer Opteon XP30 over Honeywell Solstice zd. The cost is the B1 toxicity classification, which requires the chiller operator to maintain the same B1 machine-room compliance they had with R-123 anyway — for an R-123 chiller already running in B1 compliance, this isn't an additional burden.
›What is the R-1130(E) component?
R-1130(E) is trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (CHCl=CHCl, the trans/E isomer), a hydrochloroolefin (HCO). It has been used as a solvent and as a refrigerant blend component. Its toxicity profile drives R-514A's B1 classification. The 25.3% mass fraction in R-514A is engineered to give the blend the right capacity match for R-123 while keeping toxicity manageable through standard industrial hygiene controls.
›Is R-514A subject to phase-down?
Not currently. GWP 2 and ODP 0 are below every climate and ozone-protection threshold. The B1 classification is the practical adoption barrier rather than regulatory phase-down. R-514A is a long-term-viable refrigerant from a regulatory standpoint.
›Can a new chiller be designed for R-514A from scratch?
Yes — several centrifugal chiller manufacturers (Trane, Carrier, York/Johnson Controls) offer R-514A-rated models. New designs incorporate the B1 ventilation and leak-detection requirements into the machine-room specification. For new construction the additional B1 infrastructure adds modest cost; for retrofit of existing R-123 machine rooms, the infrastructure typically already meets B1 because R-123 itself is B1.